PORT OF JAPAN
Snow crab at a market in western Japan

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Crab

One of Japan's biggest fishing ports, and the snow crab that governs its calendar

Photo: さかおり / CC BY-SA
In one paragraph

Sakaiminato regularly ranks among Japan's largest fishing ports by volume landed. Two things drive it: enormous seasonal runs of sardine, mackerel and squid, and — from November — the snow crab that this coast argues about with its neighbours.

The Sea of Japan here is cold and shallow over a wide shelf, and the seabed off Tottori and Shimane is prime ground for zuwai-gani, snow crab. The season opens in early November and runs to around March, and it reorganises the entire local economy for those months.

The names, which are a competition

It is the same species everywhere, and every region insists on its own name. Here it is matsuba-gani — "pine needle crab," for the shape of the legs. In Fukui it is echizen-gani. In Kyoto Prefecture it is taiza-gani. In Kanazawa it is simply zuwai.

These are not marketing inventions so much as a genuine, long-running regional argument about whose is best, conducted at auction prices. Individual outstanding crabs are branded and tagged and sold for extraordinary sums at the season's first auction.

The smaller female — here called oyagani — has a much shorter season and is bought for the roe, not the meat. Locals often prefer it, and it costs a fraction of the male.

Beni-zuwai, the honest option

There is a second crab: beni-zuwai, red snow crab, caught deeper and available for much more of the year. It is sweeter, more watery, and much cheaper.

Purists dismiss it. It is also what a great many local people actually eat, and on a cruise budget it is the sensible choice — a whole beni-zuwai costs less than a few legs of matsuba.

And the rest of the year

Outside crab season this port lands enormous volumes of maaji (horse mackerel), saba, sardine and squid, and in summer the local speciality is iwagaki — rock oysters, which are a summer shellfish here rather than a winter one, and are large enough that one is a serving.

The direct-sales market beside the port sells all of it and will pack for travel. It is a working market with cruise passengers in it, not a market for cruise passengers.

The timeline

How it happened

  1. each early Nov
    Snow crab season opens

    Running to about March

  2. season opening
    Branded individual crabs are auctioned

    For sums that make national news

  3. summer
    Iwagaki rock oysters

    A summer shellfish here, and very large

  4. year round
    Among Japan's top ports by volume

    Sardine, mackerel, horse mackerel, squid

Experience it

Where this becomes real on your port day

In season, eat matsuba-gani. Out of season, order beni-zuwai or iwagaki instead — and do not pretend it is the same.

Words you'll see

The vocabulary of the catch

Matsuba-gani
"Pine needle crab." The local name for male snow crab.
Beni-zuwai
Red snow crab. Cheaper, sweeter, longer season, and honest.
Oyagani
The smaller female. Short season, bought for the roe.
Iwagaki
Rock oyster. A summer shellfish here, and one is a serving.
Quick answers

FAQ

When is crab season in Sakaiminato?

From early November to around March. Male snow crab is called matsuba-gani here — "pine needle crab" — while other regions along this coast use their own names for the same species. The smaller female, oyagani, has a much shorter season and is bought for its roe.

What should I eat in Sakaiminato outside crab season?

Beni-zuwai (red snow crab), which is caught deeper, available most of the year and much cheaper; or iwagaki rock oysters in summer, which are large enough that one is a serving; or a horse mackerel bowl. Do not order matsuba-gani between April and October — it will be frozen or imported.

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